How To Draw Stairs On A Floor Plan

Stairs and Ramps

Stairs, ramps, elevators, and escalators provide access to dissimilar floor levels inside or on the outside of a construction. Stairs and ramps are oft used in buildings iii stories in tiptop and less, whereas elevators and escalators are employed on buildings of four

Figure 9-1 Shop drawings are highly detailed associates drawings done by a subcontractor. They show a designer's initial design and drawing with expanded views, descriptions, and construction details.

TRIM AT DOOR

Base TRIM

MULL ION

TRIM east UJALL

184 top track

MEAD TRIM a DOOR

134 bottom bail sheep

Exterior ELEVATION

STAIRS

TOP OF HANDRAIL BETWEEN 34" TO 38' C8&5-9&5; ABOVE STAIR NOSING

MIN. sixty° SLOPE TO RISER

OPEN RISERS Non PERMITTED

top of handrail between 34'-3s' í0&5-9é>5; to a higher place ramp 9ura=ace inside handrail on turns must exist continuous handrails omitted for clarity, but required on both sides of ramp runs when rising is over b' d5z>; or horizontal length is over 12" (18301.

NONCONTINUOUS HANDRAILS MUST EXTEND BETOND STAIRS As SHOWN AND BE PARALLEL TO FLOOR.

HANDRAILS REQUIRED AT BOTH SIDES OF STAIRS Within HANDRAIL MUST Exist CONTINUOUS ON STAIR TURNS.

tí' (38; MAXIMUM Project

OPEN RISERS Non PERMITTED

HANDRAILS REQUIRED AT BOTH SIDES OF STAIRS Inside HANDRAIL MUST BE CONTINUOUS ON STAIR TURNS.

tí' (38; MAXIMUM Project

Figure 9-2 Stair design and construction must meet edifice code and ADA requirements, including rules on configuration, width, risers, treads, landings, and handrails.

noncontinuous handrails must extend 121 í30sj as shoiln and be parallel to ground surface.

60" (1525} by sixty" (1525; landing required f ramp changes direction.

noncontinuous handrails must extend 121 í30sj as shoiln and be parallel to ground surface.

60" (1525} by threescore" (1525; landing required f ramp changes direction.

min. width 36' (9i5j pinnacle of handrail between 34'-3s' í0&v-9é>v; above ramp 9ura=ace inside handrail on turns must be continuous

handrails omitted for clarity, but required on both sides of ramp runs when rise is over b' d5z>; or horizontal length is over 12" (18301.

Effigy ix-3 Ramps must exist constructed in accordance with ADA guidelines and building codes. They provide physically disabled individuals with access to different floors.

min. width 36' (9i5j

Effigy 9-3 Ramps must be synthetic in accordance with ADA guidelines and edifice codes. They provide physically disabled individuals with access to dissimilar floors.

floors or more. However, in buildings such as shopping centers, which have high floor-to-flooring dimensions and must arrange a slap-up number of people, escalators are commonly used. The blueprint of stairs should place the least amount of physical strain on the people who use them, while reinforcing the pattern character of the space and construction of the building. Designs can range from major or monumental stairways to stairways that are strictly for utilitarian purposes.

Stairs are usually constructed from woods, steel, or concrete. Their blueprint and structure must encounter a number of building code and Americans with Disabilities Human action (ADA) requirements for configuration, width, risers, treads, landings, and handrails (Figure 9-2). In many cases, a stair is augmented by a ramp that provides vertical transit for physically impaired individuals or ease of moving heavy objects (Figure 9-3). Interior design projects might involve the blueprint and construction of a new stair or the remodel of an existing stair. Remodeling is often washed to upgrade a stair in an older building to run into the current building codes or ADA requirements. Stairway Configurations and Terms

Stairs may be designed in a number of configurations to conform the corporeality of space available, the geometry of the layout, and the vertical/horizontal distance they must traverse. The nigh mutual stair configurations are shown in Effigy nine-4. Their bones arrangements can be described by the following categories: straight run, right-angle run, reversing run, and some form of circular run. Figure 9-v illustrates some of the most commonly used stair terms, defined below:

Baluster — the vertical components that hold the handrail. These are spaced to foreclose people from falling through. These are governed by building codes and are

usually a maximum clearance to forbid a 4-inch (101.half dozen mm) sphere from passing through.

Guardrail — a rail that is used on the landings or floor levels to forbid people from falling between floor levels. Information technology is usually a minimum of 36 inches high in residential and 42 inches high in commercial buildings.

Handrail — a continuous section of railing adjacent to a stair for a person to grasp as an aid when ascending or descending. Edifice codes closely control whether the railing is on i or both sides of the stair, its tiptop higher up the flooring, and other specifics.

Headroom — the minimum clearance between the edge (or olfactory organ) of the tread and whatsoever part of an obstruction above.

straight run

- MUST Take INTERMEDIATE LANDING F R-OOR TO H-OOR Tiptop I» AOO^B a FT.

l-shape

- CTTEN USED IN COWERS

- RH OR Flight CF STAIRS MAT Be EOUAL OR LKEOLLAL CN EACH SIDE OF LANDING

- U-9HAPE STAIRS ARE Frequently» USED IN Series SUCH AS STAIRUAYS BemesN mant floors of

HIGH-Ascent BUILDINGS

- USED PRIMARILY ONLY IN RESIDENTIAL, AS THEY CAN BE Hazardous AND HOT PERMITTED Past Nearly COMMERCIAL CODES Every bit AN egress STAIR

- USED WHEN THEFC IB NOT Enough TOOM FOR AN L-6HAPE STAIR

- rwinieuasfireexitstairs

IN ac*-« CASES WITH AN AffROVED RADIUS

RESID^CES

- CAN Exist DIFFICULT TO CARRY LAR5E OBJECTS Upwardly « Downwards STAIRS IF SMALL RADIUS IS USED

- SPIRAL STAIRS CAN ^SEMBLE CUfWED STAIRS ILHEN THET Take A Large RADIUS

INTEWEI3IATE LANDINS -MINI. LENGTH EQUAL TO STAIR UIDTH

■SHAPED STAIRS CAN

■SHAPED STAIRS Tin can

- MODIMCATIONS CAN \ BE MADB FOR STAIR \ FLIGHTS TO RJ4 IN \ M ANT DICTIONS-1

Flick STARS AFC É^TEN iSN UIALONG DOIIN T1-E8E STAJRS

■LANDINGS

OUADRANT <V4) OF THE CYLINDER

■LANDINGS

OUADRANT <V4) OF THE CYLINDER

SIDE < PLAN VIEWS

LANDw STAIR ¿AND 4 STAIR UAND&

iHffltirr nimiT i

Figure nine-4 Stairs can be synthetic in a number of different configurations, depending on the amount of space available and the distance betwixt floors.

plan view

Figure ix-5 (far left) Typical parts of a stair.

-STAIF» Tin f*e Made More than \ plan view MANAGEABLE By OFFSET N3 T^E CCNVERSS^CE OF Tl-E COWCR STAIRS—

5 50^DiNt

Landing — the flooring or platform at the kickoff or stop of a stair, or between two or more stair runs. Newel — the terminating baluster at the lesser or top of a stair, which is ordinarily larger than the other balusters. Nosing — the part of the tread that overhangs the riser, reducing the problem of a person accidentally kicking the riser every bit they ascend the stair.

Rising — the total vertical distance that is traveled on a stair. Information technology is the perpendicular measurement between floor levels and the sum of all the riser heights. Riser — the vertical office of a stair between the treads. Run — the total horizontal depth of a stair, which is the sum of the treads.

Stringer — the structural support for the stair treads and risers. This is also referred to as a wagon. It might exist exposed on a utilitarian stair, or hidden with various finishes on more decorative stairs.

Tread — the horizontal role of a stair that the foot bears down upon.

Winder - the wedge-shaped tread in a turn of the stairway run - constitute mostly in residential work, because commercial building codes restrict these.

Drafting Standards

The design and drawing details needed to illustrate a stair are dependent upon the complication of the stair and the basic structural cloth it is constructed of. Stair systems are fabricated primarily of wood, steel, or concrete. Forest stairs are mostly used in residential construction and are by and large the simplest to depict and detail. Stairs are shown on the floor plans and called out as to their basic widths and number of treads and risers. The plan besides shows the run and an arrow indicating whether the stairs get up or down from that level. Floor-programme views of stairs often cannot evidence all the materials and cross-sectional parts of their assemblies. Special stair sections (Figure 9-six) are often fatigued to bear witness the structure and finish details. In virtually cases, the designer does not have to draw every detail of a stairway and its many components. The fabricators of metal, concrete, and some wood stairs oftentimes make shop drawings. These detailed drawings are submitted to the designer for review.

Calibration of Drawings

The scale of stairway drawings is mostly V8" = ane'-0" (1:100 metric) or Westward = 1'-0" (ane:50 metric), both in program and top views. The number of treads and risers, besides as their dimensions, are chosen out here. Generic features such as the handrails and guardrails are also shown in both the plan and tiptop views. More often than not, handrails seen in elevation views are placed at a compatible elevation 30-34 inches (762-864 mm) above the stair nosing. In commercial projects with steel or concrete stairs, a big-calibration drawing and stair department are required to fully explicate these stair details and handrail/guardrail specifics. These are drawn at a scale of at least V2" = 1'-0" (ane:20 metric) and cross-referenced to the floor plans.

To determine the number of treads and risers a stair must have, the vertical dimension between floor levels must be known. This vertical dimension is divided by the maximum riser height allowed by the edifice codes. At this writing, most residential stairs are express to a maximum riser height of 8 inches (203 mm) and a minimum tread depth of 9% inches (235 mm). Commercial codes restrict the maximum height of a riser to seven inches (178 mm), with

a minimum tread depth of 11 inches (280 mm). In a residential edifice, the typical vertical dimension might be 9'-10", or 106 inches (two.69 thou). The designer divides 106 by 8 to discover the minimum number of risers needed, which is 13.ii. If only thirteen are used, each riser will be slightly over 8 inches, which is not allowed co-ordinate to the code. Rounding up to 14 volition ensure each riser is slightly below the allowed 8 inches.

To find the full number of treads, recollect that there is always one tread fewer than number of risers, as the floor levels at each stair finish are not counted as treads. In our case, there would be xiii treads at nine inches (229 mm) each, for a resulting stair run of 13 x ix" = 9 feet, eleven inches (3.02 thousand).

Figure nine-half-dozen Stair sections are often fatigued to particular out the structure and finish components, which are not shown in plan views.

program.

Checklist for Stairways

Full general

• If a carve up enlarged drawing is done for the stairway, key it and cross-reference to the floor plans.

• Testify stairs in their entirety where possible, or use break lines where they go along on another floor level.

• Bank check stair widths, riser heights, tread widths, landing widths, and other particulars against the appropriate building codes and ADA requirements. Verify required dimensions and clearances.

Notations

• Call out direction of travel (up or down) on each department of stairway, and indicate with an arrow.

Dimensioning Stairways

Stairways are dimensioned on the floor plans as to their landing sizes, widths, and run of each stair, as seen in Figure ix-vii. The total number and dimensions of the risers and runs are too shown on the programme. Vertical heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other particulars are dimensioned on a carve up department or elevation drawing that is cantankerous-referenced to the plan view (Figure ix-8). Designation of Materials

A stair's materials tin can exist indicated in a number of dissimilar ways, depending upon how many materials there are and the size and complexity of the construction. Underlying structural materials might exist chosen out with notes or shown in a sectional view. If the structural material is too the finished surface, this should be called out. If a split finish material covers the stair, this might be chosen out in the section view, plan view, or on a separate finish

Figure nine-7 This enlarged plan of a stairway shows the dimensions of the landings, the widths and the run of each stair, risers, treads, and other details.

Figure nine-viii Stair sections evidence heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other details, cross-referenced to the program view.

FIRST Flooring STAIRIUAY

Figure 9-8 Stair sections show heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other details, cross-referenced to the plan view.

ENTRY

First FLOOR

LOWER LEVEL

Commencement Floor

ENTRY

LOWER LEVEL

STAIR Department

• Note handrails and other trim. Central to where these can be found in more particular.

• Call out materials where stairs are shown in section view, including structural and finish components.

• Cross-reference to any structural plans where they are provided.

Dimensions

• Call out number and widths of treads, as well as number and superlative of risers.

• Dimension the total run of stairs in both plan and section views.

• Dimension the width of the stairs and whatever landings.

• Dimension treads, nosings, risers, landings, and handrail locations in sectional views of stairways.

Millwork

Architectural plans are often drawn at a scale too small to show adequate particular for cabinetry and millwork such equally moldings, paneling, miscellaneous trim, and casings for doors and windows. These components are fatigued and detailed at a large scale and cross-referenced to the basic plans. Millwork and cabinetry, besides referred to as architectural woodwork, can include both manufactured stock components and custom woodwork that is assembled on the jobsite (Figure 9-9). Although some designers include cabinetry nether the category of millwork, it will be treated here every bit a separate classification due to the specialized drawings needed to describe it.

Figure ix-nine This large-calibration cartoon shows the placement of stock-manufactured base cabinets.

T-3 TRIM

T-3S TRIM

MR-60

X4" Panel ON %' H.D.F. ON %• GYP. BD. T-&4 TRIM

I" UJIDE x W DEEP WHITE MTL. GLAZING Aqueduct AND Black GLAZING GASKET. SHIM HDF AS Crave TO Hibernate Channel.

FÜLL MIRROR

TILE:

FIBERGL'S SHOIUER

Tiptop

MEN: THIRD Flooring

Effigy 9-10 Molding trim is produced in standard shapes and wood species, as noted in this section detail.

Proceed reading here: Millujork Department

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